They're using Your Data Against You.

👩🏾
Love Adu
👨🏻
Ethan Ngo
👱🏻‍♂️
David McGrane
Week 1 — First Day of Class
The Assignment Lands

We're handed the brief: partner with a real advocacy organization, produce something that would actually be used. No dry research papers.

Most of us had never heard of surveillance pricing. By the end of that first week, we couldn't stop noticing it everywhere.

Fall Semester Begins

What is surveillance pricing?

AI that charges each customer a different price for the same product — based on your personal data, not market conditions.

Companies tag shoppers — "impulsive buyer," "recently divorced," "first-time car buyer" — and let algorithms set prices millions of times per day with no disclosure.

LocationHow close you are to the store
Browsing HistoryWhat you've been researching online
Device TypeiPhone vs. cheap Android = different price
Inferred IncomeEstimated from neighborhood data
Behavior Tags"Impulsive buyer," "recently divorced"
Purchase HistoryWhat you've paid before & your patterns
Normal Dynamic Pricing
Adjusts for supply & demand
Responds to market conditions
Same price for all shoppers
Price changes are visible
Surveillance Pricing
Uses your location, device, browsing history
Responds to your personal data
Different price for every shopper
Invisible to the consumer
🛒 Instacart
Up to $1,200 extra per family of 4 annually
Consumer Reports 2025: Eversight algorithm charged up to 23% more for identical items. 74% of items tested had multiple price points at the same store, same time.
📦 Amazon
School districts charged 2–3× more per student
Same-day, same-product price discrimination. One district could have saved $1M but received the Surveillance Price instead.
🎯 Target
$5 million settlement in California
Charged higher prices to California app users based on proximity — same product, different price.
🏨 Booking Platforms
Identical hotel rooms, different prices by state
Identical hotel rooms on Kayak, Booking.com, Trivago, Expedia, and Hotels.com were priced differently for users in different states for the same room, same dates. (SFGate, 2025)
🚗 Allstate
$10.5M in potential overcharges in 6 months — Maryland
Allstate's price optimization algorithm proposed rate increases up to 20% while capping discounts at 0.5%. One Maryland customer who should have received a $3,772 discount was offered just $26. (The Markup, 2020)
🚗 Allstate
~$1.03 billion overcharged — California, 2012–2021
Allstate allegedly overcharged its safest California customers by giving smaller-than-appropriate discounts to the least price-sensitive customers. (The Markup, 2022)
Week 3 — First Meeting
Meeting Vinhcent & TechEquity

We meet Vinhcent Le — VP of AI Policy at TechEquity and former board member of the California Privacy Protection Agency. He lays out the landscape: 250+ retailers using these tools, multi-million dollar settlements already on the books, and a new bill — AB 2564 — working its way through the legislature.

"What we need is something a staffer can read in two minutes during a busy hearing week."

TechEquity Collaborative, Oakland

About TechEquity.

"Surveillance isn't just creepy — it's expensive. We cannot allow technology to become a weapon against the economic wellbeing of everyday Californians."
— Vinhcent Le, VP of AI Policy, TechEquity

TechEquity Action is the advocacy arm of the TechEquity Collaborative — a California-based organization working at the intersection of technology, housing, labor, and consumer rights. Co-sponsor of AB 2564 alongside Consumer Reports.

VL
Vinhcent Le
VP of AI Policy, TechEquity
Former Senior Legal Counsel at the Greenlining Institute and board member of the California Privacy Protection Agency. Leads TechEquity's AI policy strategy including AB 2564.
Founded

2016 in Oakland, California. Backed by Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, MacArthur Foundation, Ford Foundation.

Mission

Ensure the tech industry is a force for justice — working at the intersection of technology, housing, labor, and consumer rights.

On AB 2564

Co-sponsor alongside Consumer Reports. Submitted formal testimony to the California Assembly Privacy Committee.

AB 2564 — Bill Basics

AB 2564 will ban surveillance pricing — the practice of using personal data collected through electronic surveillance technology to charge different consumers different prices for the same product. The bill prohibits retailers from using personally identifiable information (PII) such as age, gender, marital status, geolocation, or online search history to adjust a consumer's price based on their perceived willingness to pay. The bill also protects transparently offered discounts to guard against invasive and unfair profiling.

AB 2564 Will

Ban Surveillance-Based Pricing

Prohibit retailers from using surveillance-collected personal data to set customized prices for individual consumers or specific groups.

Establish Enforcement

Clear enforcement mechanisms, including civil penalties and injunctive relief for harmed individuals.

Protect Discounts & Loyalty Programs

Consumer-friendly discounts and loyalty programs are protected through reasonable, clearly defined exemptions.

The Bottom Line California courts already confirmed pricing people based on personal vulnerability is illegal. AB 2564 makes that protection universal, proactive, and enforceable.

Industry Arguments — and the Answers

"Dynamic pricing benefits consumers through discounts."
These programs inflate the base price first, then calibrate discounts to each shopper's breaking point. Extraction with a coupon on top.
"This is just supply and demand."
Demand-based pricing responds to markets. Surveillance pricing responds to your personal data. Hiding discrimination behind algorithms is not a public good.
"Consumers can shop around."
Not when prices are invisible. FTC found intermediaries use data "down to mouse movements." Amazon holds 40%+ of U.S. e-commerce.
"AB 2564 bans loyalty programs."
False. AB 2564 targets covert profiling-based pricing only. Senior and student discounts are disclosed and universal.
Weeks 4–6 — Deep Research
Into the Evidence

Three weeks in FTC reports, NBER economic studies, Consumer Reports' Instacart investigation, and California court records. We map every argument industry lobbyists make and find the evidence that counters each one.

The Instacart finding hits hardest: 74% of items tested had multiple price points at the same store, same time. A family of four could pay up to $1,200 more per year without ever knowing why.

Research Phase
Weeks 7–9 — Drafting
Writing With TechEquity

Back-and-forth with Vinhcent and the team. Our first drafts are too long, too academic, too timid. Every sentence needs to either name the harm, cite the proof, or arm the reader. Nothing else earns its place.

We go through four full drafts. The rebuttal section turns out to be the most valuable piece.

Collaborative Drafting

Why a one-pager works.

Legislators and their staff manage dozens of bills at once. A well-crafted one-pager is often the only document that gets read cover-to-cover. Ours is designed to be fully understood in under two minutes.

Plain-language definition of surveillance pricing
Key stats: 23%, 86%, 250+ retailers — all sourced
Three real cases with dollar amounts
What AB 2564 does — and what it does NOT ban
Pre-loaded rebuttals to industry's 4 arguments
California court precedent confirming this is already illegal

The One-Pager

Read or download the one-pager we produced with TechEquity Action — the document now in front of California legislators.

Week 10 — Final Review
Sharpening Under Scrutiny

TechEquity's policy team stress-tests every claim. Could a lobbyist pick it apart? We tighten every stat, double-check every source, make sure every sentence would survive a committee hearing.

Policy Review
Week 12 — Delivery
The One-Pager Reaches the Capitol

TechEquity Action delivers the one-pager to legislative staff and committee members during the AB 2564 hearings. Consumer Reports co-sponsors and submits formal testimony to the California Assembly Privacy Committee.

A document that started in a classroom is now in a briefing binder on a legislator's desk in Sacramento.

California State Capitol, Sacramento
Now
Taking It Further

The bill is moving. We built this site to go wider — to explain surveillance pricing to anyone who shops online, and to make it as easy as possible to contact a legislator and say: vote YES on AB 2564.

Most people don't know this is happening to them. That's the problem we're solving now.

They're using Your Data Against You.